How Does Priestley Show That Tension Is at the Heart of the Birling Family?

Priestley presents tension in various ways withing in the Birling family. At the beginning of the play, Priestley creates his tension by changing the colour of the lighting. The start is a ‘low and intimate pink' which could suggest a hidden tension within the family home. After the inspector arrives the lighting changes to a ‘bright, harsh white light' which makes the family look like they are in the spotlight of a police interrogation. This shows that there is tension at the heart of the Birling family as it may be hidden to begin with, certain comments give the reader a small insight to what is hidden and not spoken of.The light of being under interrogation works well as Inspector Goole is there is to accuse them of a crime and then asks them a series of questions to reveal the truth and the all the tension they have hidden. One of the hidden tensions within the Birling family is the fact that Mr. Birling talking about his business with Gerald at the dinner table celeb rating Shelia and Gerald's engagement, ‘Now, Arthur, I don't think you ought to talk business on an occasion like this'.This presents hidden tension because Mrs. Birling doesn't say what she really thinks, which could be that Mr. Birling talks about his business too much. Mr. Birling does not follow instructions for long proving that he cares more about his work than his own family. As any wife would be annoyed with this as they think that it should always be the other way around, Mrs. Birling is the same but knows she will not get anywhere so sighs and leaves him to get on with it.

Counselor’s Role

Counselors are those who listen and help resolve difficulties (Gladding, 2007)). Nonetheless, most people have a vague idea on what counseling is about. This is rooted to how counseling is done in the past. Counseling exists in different trades as advisers or experts in the field. As a profession, counseling is important since it focus on the growth and wellness of people who suffers from mental disorders. It differs from psychotherapy and guidance.Guidance is achieved through helping the person find the best choice. Whereas, counseling is about helping the person create changes to overcome his present condition. Psychotherapy involves with analytic therapy that try to create constructive changes that can take several sessions. It deals with serious mental disorders that are compounded by emotional, social, physical issues and conflicts that was experienced, is experiencing and perceived by the individual (Gladding, 2007).According to the American Counseling Association, (as quoted i n Gladding, 2007), counseling is concerned about an individual’s wellness, pathological concerns and personal growth, it is done in a short-term (not more than a year), their therapies are largely theory based and the process requires developmental intervening. The responsibilities of a counselor to his/her professional association is on the way he/she conducts counseling which is based on his/her intention and/or purpose (Gladding, 2007)). The counselor must be able to establish rapport.He must have enough background knowledge on what was to be counseled, for instance family problem or child delinquencies. The counselor must identify the problem then assess how it will be delivered. In the process of problem solving, the counselor must be open-minded for alternative actions since everything depends upon the client’s reaction/s and participation. It is the ‘responsibility of the counselor to inform the client/s of the confidentiality that an organization (Gorlin, 1999)’ or one’s professional association place on counselors.Counselors must respect the client’s right to know the results, the interpretations made, and the bases for their conclusions and recommendations (Pope-Davis and Coleman 2001). To be able to promote the awareness of the profession to consumer groups and organization, a counselor can try to create blogs and articles regarding how they resolve problems. Counselers can write in news or magazine articles giving out their opinion and somehow differentiating their role from psychologist, educators and trainers (Gllading, 2007). They must engage in public presentations during seminars of civil groups and clubs.They need to make themselves known and how they different from psychologist and educators. Voicing out their opinion on what needs solving and attention could be a great way to promote the awareness of people regarding their profession (Gladiing, 2007). For instance, counsellors in university can affec t the behaviour of the institution concerning color and racial discrimination. When as student ask for their help regarding the matter, most specifically, if a professor made a discriminatory claim, the counsellor can ask the institution for proper actions (Pope-Davis and Coleman, 2001).Through extending their influence to political matters, counselors can best benefit by subjecting the law through their findings and observations to limit the chances that the problems that they resolved or trying to resolve would happen again. Through being informed about the laws, counselors depends their position regarding certain issues (Pope-Davis and Coleman, 2001). Laws about abortion would help the counselor chose the most effective way to resolve a young girl’s dilemma. Establishing connections with prominent legislators would also advance interest.Understanding the political jargon would give a counselor an edge if he/she wants to propose certain changes in law. Lastly, through being persistent, a counselor might affect how legislator think (Gladding, 2007). References Gladding, ST. (2007). Counseling: A Comprehensive profession. GGS Pearson Education, Inc, New Jersey.. Gorlin, R. (1999) Codes of Professional Responsibility. BNA Books. Washington D. C. Pope-Davis, D. and Coleman, HLK. , (2001). The Intersection of Race, Class, and Gender in Multicultural Counseling: Implications for multicultural counselling. Sage Books. Michigan.

Online game Parents should control their children's online time Research Paper

Online game Parents should control their children's online time - Research Paper Example The games are currently more entertaining due to advanced features added in them. This contributes to addiction which makes the game industry to grow very fast. Apart from addiction, online games have negative economic impacts because parents and teenagers spend their savings playing the games. It is difficult for some gamers, especially children to differentiate reality and cyber world. Study outcomes show that online games violence does not help in reducing real world problems as some people claim. People are spending most of their time playing online games. Currently, studies show that a large percentage of children in the US play online games (Prot, McDonald, Anderson 2). They also show that young people play online games for about 2 hours a day. 25 percent of the young males spend about 4 hours playing online games (Prot, McDonald & Anderson 2). Children are the most affected because they make 79.9 percent of all the gamers globally (Fullerton, Taylor, Grande 1). As people spend their time playing online games, they start focusing more on the game and forget the real world. Most people play games in order to escape reality. Games are currently more advanced and interesting. Consequently, people use them as way of relaxing. Others also use them to pursue their passions. For instance, those who like football and have never had a chance to play it in real world gain satisfaction by playing virtual games. In addition, people can play games that require opponents in real world such as chess. They do not need their friends in the virtual world. This has reduced people’s level of interaction in the society. People do not have much interaction with their families because the online games have become their first priority. The situation destroys relationships between family members. The virtual game world affects people’s real lives because gamers bring problems from the gaming world to real life. In the virtual game world, people do

Humans Are Determined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Humans Are Determined - Essay Example (Nithyananda, 2007,p. 101) The sage said that free will is something which a man is not born with and it was never something that man had struggled to win over. It has been gifted to man, by God, willingly, so that man can be morally responsible for all his deeds. Thus, in the mortal life, a man has to continuously face ‘prarabdha’ i.e. accumulated fate and only God and Guru have the power to save anyone if they wish. (Sen, 2010). So, if we go by the teachings of Paramhansa and as well as by all other great teachers of life, we tend to ask ourselves one very important question like â€Å"is it impossible for us to be free?† The renowned philosopher, D’Holbach for example has said that a man’s life is completely dictated by Nature and he has no role in it except to draw the line on the surface of the Earth which he has been asked to draw. He considered mythology as a reflection of Nature itself. According to him whatever a man does, whatever he thinks, we wishes for are the reflections of those properties which have been given into him by Nature and of those situations in which Nature has positioned him. Nature sends a man naked on this earth. The man quickly learns to cover himself, find food and shelter for himself and also to take care of other requisites. Each and every step taken by a man to sustain himself on this earth can be perceived as a long series of cause and effect. This can be called as the development of the first impulse given to him by none other than Nature itself. Nature operates through laws which are universal. Man must penetrate the secrets of Nature through his sens es, and must experience Nature to the fullest. Whenever he avoids drawing experience or gets diverted from his path, he falls into the pool of ignorance and suffering. It was the intention of Nature to give man the full happiness of freedom through all the attributes Nature has bestowed man with. However, that required searching

The Importance of Being Earnest, Oscar Wilde honest relationships in Essay

The Importance of Being Earnest, Oscar Wilde honest relationships in the play - Essay Example Honesty was lacking in the social system and as Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest shows us, the lack of honesty even extended to the portrayed relationships between individuals which is evident in reworked versions of the play today (Feingold. 2004). Wilde attained popularity and notoriety because of his works and the manner in which he lived his life. However, his plays contained a lot more than simple comedy since they can also be viewed as social commentary (Ellmann, 1988). The biting tone presented in The Importance of Being Earnest only highlights the idea that while individuals seek to be honest and even present themselves as being honest and upright, the honesty exists in name only and not in spirit (Chafe, 2008). Perhaps that is exactly what society demanded of the characters that is they should appear to be earnest and honest while doing nothing which actually showed that were exactly so in reality. The Importance of Being Earnest gives us a satirical look at how characters can create elaborate deceptions to try and fool others. The deception even extends to how the characters relate to each other within the power structures defined by society where the man is supposed to be dominant and the woman is supposed to be subservient. However, dominant women can overturn the relationships and the social hierarchy as done by Lady Bracknell (Costa, 2008). While the rules are meant to be obeyed, they can be bent and altered by individuals in the same manner that the entire society is doing on a larger scale (Hawkins, 2006). For example, Jack is interviewed by Lady Bracknell but this interview was a role that had traditionally been reserved for the father in the Victorian age which is noted by Styan and Gentleman (1975, Pg. 44) as being â€Å"an extreme contrast well suited to the quality of farcical comedy found in this play†. Even Jack himself wishes to present the

Muhammad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Muhammad - Essay Example In short, everything in the universe was worth worshipping and the One they did not worship was the One Creator. They were totally unaware of His unity and their need of Him. If He was recognised to all by anyone, it was through intermediaries who too were worshipped. This was a dark period - the background - when the Sunnat Allah1 - the law of Allah for guidance and leaving anyone astray - repeated history and set in motion the natural law of reaction. The light of guidance shone and spread to the four corners removing the darkness of 'Shirk' (associated with God) and ignorance replacing it with faith and knowledge. In such a gloomy atmosphere which had encompassed pre-Islamic Arabia, there glittered a light in the birth of Muhammad (PBUH). Never before or after any individual placed in such adverse circumstances has so completely purged his society of the multifarious deep-seated evils, giving it a new and healthier shape, and had so much influenced the course of contemporary and future history. Muhammad's (PBUH) practical teachings had transformed a savage race into a civilized who brought about the most wonderful revolution in the history of mankind. He was the benefactor of humanity and being the last and greatest of all the prophets, his teachings were universal and for all times to come. As it were these The First verses that were revealed to Prophet (PBUH) were from Surah Al-Alaq: "Read in the Name of your Lord Who created - created man from a blood-clot. Read and your Lord is most Bountiful, who taught by the pen - taught man that he know not" (96:1-5). As it were these verses make perfect the purpose of human life. It has been told in Surah Al-Alaq that true knowledge was essential for attaining higher human qualities. Without that, life is meaningless. If anyone possesses true knowledge but is deficient in action then he does not derive the benefits and the knowledge is of no use. Muhammad (PBUH) was a great promoter of education and advocated the "pursuit of learning even unto distant China". He inculcated love for learning among the illiterate Arabs which paved the way for their outstanding intellectual achievements, ultimately making them pioneers in the domains of science and arts during the "Medieval times". Muhammad (PBUH) proclaimed the sovereignty of God and liberated mankind from the thralldom of unholy associations with His Divinity. He upheld the dignity of man and practiced the high ideals of equality, fraternity and justice he preached. He advocated the unity of God and thereby the unity and equality of mankind. He denounced the differences of colour and race and was the "Prophet in human colour and consequently a true specimen of Islamic unity and brotherhood". As the celebrated English writer Robert Briffault paid rich tributes to the teachings of Holy Prophet of Islam, when he said: "The ideals of freedom for all human beings, of human brotherhood, of the equality of all men before the law of democratic government, by consultation and universal suffrage, the ideas that inspired the French Revolution and the Declaration of Rights, that guided the framing of the American Constitution and inflamed the struggle for independence in the Latin-American countries were not inventions of the

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Assignment Example (15 reasons, n.d) Another good form of enhancing and staging presence of the product and company over the internet is by selecting various other forms of advertising available online. Some of the important ones are social networking websites, search engine optimization, banners (paid advertising), linking strategies, public relations. i) Social network websites: This is one of the recent forms of online advertising, here website like face book, twitter etc are used to gain exposure and online presence. The use of sponsored videos in you tube will also attract site traffic. ii) Search engine optimization: Today there are hundreds of millions of websites and only about 10-20 % of the websites are ever really indexed, therefore it is important for the optimization of web pages with key words and phrases, different types of software are available for search engine positioning.(Ralph ,2000) iii) Banners (paid advertising): These graphical or animated promotions on websites advertise products in a very stimulating manner. The incorporation of this in the advertising strategy will help a great deal. Sites like you tube, google and other gaming websites will help in reaching targeted audience and increasing traffic on the desired website. (Banner ads) iv) Linking Strategies: This basically means that more links pointing to the website there more traffic generated and the greater the popularity the higher the rank in the search engines. The monetary input in quite expansive. v) Public Relations: Attaining of several press releases and coverage through print or internet publications will help boost traffic many folds over, this nature is mostly free and has proved to be very effective. (Ralph ,2000) Activation: This website is not very interactive, it does not possess options such as detailed information on the product, options to purchase,

PR Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PR Campaign - Essay Example The company’s strategy will involve a research analysis of the prevailing popularity and potential improvements to be made. In addition, it will focus on how to engage in creating public awareness, the mode of communication and the evaluation of the entire process. The goal of the entire campaign should be the efficient expression of Ashley Braddock’s talents and gifts. Building the audience is one of the major strategies to achieving the results. The audience should be drawn from people of diverse ages, social and economic classes. In particular, we endeavor to begin our campaign by reaching out to the middle class. The middle class are capable of exciting the masses hence building her reputation. The middle class are the majority in the population, therefore targeting them will increase the chances of success by a big margin. The middle class people have lavish spending patterns on leisure and are easy to reach. Another from of audience will be drawn from the peers, institutions will provide a platform for a reach out to the young in lower grades, high schools and colleges. The ultimate goal of the campaign shall be to build a lasting image to the public on the uniqueness of Ashley’s gifts and talents. The company will be confined to make maximum use of the $ 75,000 to achieve the goal. Another goal will be to see a stepwise development of the public perception about the starlet; this shall be achieved through the frequent evaluations to be done on the extent of achievement. The campaign will have to establish a mechanism of reaching out to the masses; this goal is captured clearly under the strategies. The other issue will involve management of the starlets’ time and opportunities to ensure that maximum utilization of each is achieved. Finally, the company will have an obligation managing Ashley’s public figure in order to shield her from the negative

Vincor and the new World of wine Essay Example for Free

Vincor and the new World of wine Essay Global Wine Industry new world: U. S. , Australia, Chile, Argentina old world: France, Italy, Spain Australia leader of new world wine exporting Top 10 wine exporters accounted for 90% of total exporting France world leader in wine production and 2nd in exporting Italy old and established industry like France relied on appellation to control quality like France 2nd in wine production, leader in exporting Australia good quality wine, costs low since the 1860’s industry was born, mature 6th for production, 4th in exporting (5. 5% market share in exporting). Chile developed 1979 (new) 10th largest producer, has 4. 5% market share in exporting (ranked 5th) Argentina low quality wine, but long history 5th highest producer but not in top 10 for exporting cannot export (ship) brands that could compete in the higher price classes (more then $100 per bottle) All other countries could compete in shipping the higher price class wine Major World Market growing industry, rose 2. 2% in 2001, estimated to rise 1. 2% in 2002, and projected to expand by 120 million cases by 2010. Most growth expected to come from major wine consuming nations, US, UK, Australia, South Africa, China, Russia (latter 2 were less developed but expected to grow) Half the value of all imports was purchased by three biggest importers: UK, US, Germany France and Italy, top two in the world for per capita consumption, Italy had a small market for imported wines Import market size for France is 12. 4% compared to 2. 4% in Italy UK wine market â€Å"crucible†, small domestic wine production and good relations with wine producers around the world UK number 7 for wine consumption but growing trend, usually dominated by Old world but new world imports had grown as Australia wines replaced French as number 1 import Canada was ranked 30th in world for per capita consumption with increasing trend Japan send steady increase in size of imported wine market Asia presented great opportunity since very populated and untapped The U. S. Wine Industry high quality of wine because of California. US 4th largest wine producer, California wines accounting for 90% of production volume Top states are California, New York, Washington, Oregon Big gains in exporting, 6th in world, biggest markets include: UK, Canada, Japan represent 66% of total export 3rd largest consuming market half for new world, half old world imports represented 25% of market share California wines dominated domestic market with 67% market share Premium wine account for 30% of market and 62% of revenues, growing trend since increased 8% in 2001 Value wines grew by only 1. 5% in volume Largest producer EJ supply 30% of market, no other producer has more then 15% Distribution system of producers to wholesalers to grocery stores/ liquor store/ restaurants Wineries may sell directly to customer Role of distribution channel was growing and taking on greater strategic importance as the trend towards international and domestic consolidation grew The Canadian Wine Industry success in production of high quality wine only dates back quarter century (new) making wines for more then two centuries. VQA launched to make sure leader of Ontario’s wine industry made quality wine Canadian began to recognize when while wineries grew of importance of having the VQA medallion Canadians demonstrated that grape varieties in cooler growing conditions could make good quality wine compared to warmer growing regions (different not worse) Sales of Canadian quality wines were increasing as consumers moved up the quality and price scale Canadian quality wines began to capture both domestic and international recognition not only in sales but also by garnering impressing list of significant awards 1989 award for its icewine in France market exposure for Canadian wines by icewine in European market and expanding market opportunities in US and Asia The Australian. Wine Industry delivers large quantities of high quality branded wine to worlds market, at costs less than many of Old World and New World competitors small domestic market since population only 17 million only way to grow is by going international expected to continue to gain market share in export largest exporter to UK, where 7/10 top 10 wine brands were Australian Exports to North America grew by 27% in volume. Consumption of Australian wine in Canada grew by 24% and in US by 35% Growth trend expected to continue growth driven by sales of premium red wine which accounted for 53% of exports domestic growth rate of 4% annually industry unregulated where wineries allowed to have own retail outlets and sell directly to retailers and on premise customers 7,500 of retail outlets accounted for 56% of sales 28,000 on premise outlets accounted for 44% of sales 4 major wineries accounted for 80% of production (1300 wineries total). Trends in the Global Wine Industry hottest sales category was Australian wines, showing double digit growth rates North American market growth of 3%, growing trend of red wines and premium wines************* Vincor International Inc. in operation since 1989 (new) risk of going to the US was that wine is an agricultural industry and susceptible to changing weather conditions Mission Statement: To become one of the world top 10 wine companies, producing Vincon-owned New World, premium branded wines, which are marketed and sold through Vincor-controlled sales and distribution systems in all major premium wine consuming regions. Where were the big markets largest market of New World sale in US (already there) 10 billion, UK and Australia at 3. 7 billion each, then Canada and rest of Europe at 700 million to be world player needs to be in 5-6 markets international strategy to develop new geographic markets for core brands (icewine) which gave world recognition icewine (Inniskillin) was luxury product in terms of pricing and margins good experience in Asia (one of top five wine brands in select Asian duty free stores) and good experience in US from 2001 launch placed in 1,850 high end restaurants to 2002 sold in 3,300 European launch of Inniskillin in 2002.

Halesowen College Essay Example for Free

Halesowen College Essay This report is being written to the Human Resources Manager to support my application for the above stated job. Procedure: This report was compiled by analysing the job description for the above post. I have also analysed the skills which I have acquired in my current temporary post as well as from past jobs and college. Findings: These are the skills that are stated that I feel should be filled and how I am a suitable candidate for the job. I have itemised them under headings shown. Employability Skills Inputting data onto the computer systems I have done this in my job in an opticians I entered the daily and weekly figures for the sales of glasses and contact lenses. Have good time management skills This was proven when I had to use my time to liaise with customers and also when I had to do a required task by a set date, I also arrived to work on time and met any targets that were set. Qualifications I have an English GCSE at a grade D and a Maths GCSE at a grade B. Be discreet and respect confidentiality of information This was a must have skill as I was handling patients personal data on a daily bases at the opticians. Retrieval of information from computerised system I had to retrieve information about the goods that were selling and that were not, I also had to get monthly profit sheets this was done on weekly and monthly basis, I have also retrieved work from my college work and copied it onto my memory stick. General administrative duties I had done this on a weekly basis for example when I was posting appointment reminder letters which were to advise patients to book an appointment because they were now due, I also did the filing on a weekly basis and sent out any faxes to NHS trusts as required, I also did this when working in HR when I had to send out letters to students regarding exams or any other information. Setting up exam data on a computer system I had done this while working in HR when I had to key in the dates and times that students had exams. Having fast and accurate keyboard skills I have done this when working in HR when I had to send out emergency letters to the parents of students regarding the behaviour of students, I also did this when working in the opticians when I had to inform patients that their contacts lenses or glasses had arrived. Be able to show a good standard of literacy and numeracy I have achieved this when I was in college as I have received G.C.S.Es in Maths and English. Processing enrolment fees, including cash handling and using an electronic cash register I had done this on a regular basis when working in the opticians as I was making sales on contact lenses and spectacles on a regular basis. I also did this while working in HR when I had to handle money for coach passes for students. Communication Skills Typing letters and memos I had done this when working in the opticians when communicating with suppliers and staff regarding orders and they day to day running process I had also done this while working in HR when I had to write to students regarding exam times and any other concerns for the attention of their parents. Answering and making telephone calls I had also done this frequently on a daily basis when reminding patients about their appointments and also regarding the completion of the spectacles, I also answered phones will working in Human Resources regarding people asking for application forms and prospectuses.

Runway And Terminal 6 Developments Engineering Essay

Runway And Terminal 6 Developments Engineering Essay The problem that I have decided to research and gather a greater understanding of, is the expansion of Heathrow. This is a greatly debated topic at the moment, and something that comes under scrutiney from numerous people and parties. If this work is successful it would show people that real issues surrounding the very controversial expansion, and the solutions that the expansion will solve, and the new ones that it will create. The problem I am looking at is the likely impacts of Heathrows 3rd runway and terminal 6 developments. I am going to be looking specifically at the environmental, economic and social problems caused by the possible expansion. For my research, I looked at recent news articles, websites and documents released by the government, and other organizations that look into developments like this. I think that the answer that I found with this research was that the airport should not be allowed to expand, however, Stansted airport should. The answer that I have come up with is potentially possible. Assess the likely impacts of Heathrows 3rd runway and Terminal 6 developments. On the 16th December 2003, the British Government announced its intentions for the future of air travel in the UK. This included the 3rd runway at Heathrow, as well as the 6th Terminal. There has been considerable opposition to this development, especially from Environmental Groups, such as Greenpeace. This essay will assess the likely environmental, social and economic impacts of having the third runway, and whether some of the current imapcts of the airport will be resolved. Heathrow is the UKs biggest and busiest airport. It is also one of the busiest airports in the world. It is located in the Hillingdon Borough of London. The airport is about 14 miles west of Central London. The airport has very good access with two main roads near it, these being the M4 and the M5.  [1]   From the maps, we can see the airport is located to the west of the city. As the airport has East-West runways, there are tighter operating restrictions on when planes can arrive and depart. Most of the major European airports, such as Amsterdam and Charles-de-Gaulle, are located North of South of their respective cities. Amsterdam has runways in 5 different directions, meaning that planes can arrive and depart at most times of the day without disturbing anybody. Charles-de-Gaulle has East-West runways, but can operate more freely as there is no city in its way. These airports do not run the risk of arrivals and departures over peoples house at unsociable times. Heathrow has to clamp down its operations during the night so as not to disturb nearby residents. Heathrow is operating at about 99% capacity, while Amsterdam and Charles-de-Gaulle are operating at about 70% capacity. As both these airports have at least double the current number of runways at Heathrow, they are airports that could start taking business away from Heathrow and the UK.  [2]   The government issued some strict policies for the 3rd runway. Firstly, the third runway will operate at half its capacity when it opens, (scheduled in 2020), raising the total number of flights at Heathrow from 480,000 to 600,000 rather than the 702,000 that was inteded. Secondly, the total carbon emissions from UK aviation must fall below 2005 levels by 2050. And finally, aircraft using the third runway will have to meet strict greenhouse gas emissions standards. This is the toughest climate challenge for aviation in any country in the world.  [3]   There are numerous impacts that the 3rd runway and the Terminal 6 developments could have. I have broken these down into environmental, economical and sociable reasons. The environment could be hit hard by the 3rd runway and Terminal 6 developments. Firstly, surface runoff will be increased. Surface runoff occurs when the ground cannot soak up any more water, and the excess water ends up flowing across the top of the ground. At Heathrow, this problem will be escalated by the high amount of impenetrable surfaces, such as concrete and tarmac. This extra surface runoff could cause flooding, or depending on where it is directed (if at all), it could make the drainage system fill with silt. Flooding could then become a bigger problem, or, depending on the drainage system type, erosion could occur. The erosion would be more noticeable on a natural drain, such as a river or stream. Airports use large amounts of aviation fuel and, in the winter, large amounts of de-icing fluid. This, if ending up on the ground, could get into a water source, and start contaminating water. A problem noticed at airports other than Heathrow, such as airports in countries with a colder climate and that are more prone to snow and icy conditions, would be fluids ending up in the snow. They are not visible to the naked eye, but when the snow starts melting, they become a big problem, as they usually enter a water source through surface runoff. For Heathrows latest terminal building (Terminal 5), they have designed a SWOT system. SWOT stands for storm water outfall tunnel. All surface runoff water is pumped into a specially built reservoir, 2 kms away from the airport. Before the water is allowed into the reservoir, it is thoroughly cleaned. The system is helping to reduce the environmental impact of the airport as well. Some of the cleaned water is pumped back to Terminal 5 and used in the heating system and in toilet flushing.  [4]   The lack of vegetation will mean that there is more soil infiltration taking place. Water will be absorbed quicker into the soil, which means that it will become more saturated in a smaller amount of time. This means that surface runoff may be a bigger problem at the airport when it rains. The extra runway and terminal will cause lots of extra congestion around London. This is enhanced by the airports location on the M4, and very close to the M4/M25 intersection. Any accidents in and around the airport will have a knock on effect on the surrounding roads. If people are sitting in queues, then they are using fuel without moving anywhere. The increased passenger numbers through the airport will increase pollution from cars as people will have to get to the airport. Planes will still leave the airport at their scheduled time, whether passengers are onboard or not. This means that planes are still polluting the atmosphere, but with less people on board, and the people that are not on board, are still polluting the atmosphere by being in queues. After the construction phase of the airport, any habitats that have not already been destroyed will be severely affected. The surface runoff could temporarily destroy habitats. A lack of wildlife in the area would look bad on the airport, as airports try to encourage some sort of wildlife into the area. However, birds and planes do not mix very well, as was proved on 15th January 2009, with the River Hudson plane crash.  [5]  The airport would have a lack of vegetation around it, apart from grass, and a lack of vegetation reduces humidity. A lack of humidity may cause animals to leave the area. Figure Noise pollution will become another major issue. The animals around the airport eventually get used to the noise. Humans living around the airport have to get used to the sound of the airport, but they are never satisfied, despite the lower and lower noise regulations. Figure 1 shows the current (2008) noise levels (in decibels) around the airport.  [6]   Figure 2 Figure 2 shows the predicted noise levels in 2030, again measured in decibels. As you can see, the 57 decibel mark has moved much closer to the airport. This is due to planes becoming more powerful, and quieter. This means that they can climb higher out of the built up areas. When the plane is higher, the sound of the ground is reduced, and something that is good for the environment would be that the higher a plane goes, generally, the less fuel that is uses.  [7]   Figure 3Figure 3 shows the 57 decibel mark around the airport in 2030. This map has the added feature of showing the average daily usage of each projected departure route. The 3rd runway predicted departure routes do not merge with the existing runway depature routes, this could be due to the runway only serving short haul destinations.  [8]   Figure 4The use of bigger planes, such as the Airbus A380 will help the surrounding area. This plane can carry up to 800 people, with a 1000 people varient on the way. Encouraging the use of larger aircraft could be one way that Heathrow reduces its damaging effects on the environment. At the moment, Heathrow is cutting back on noise levels. However, this has been done by not letting older planes use the airport. The effects of the noise levels being cut down are slowing, however, as there are a very limited number of older planes that use the airport. Night flights have also been reduced, and there are only a number of planes that are allowed to land at night, due to noise restrictions. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/44365000/gif/_44365809_heathrow_flight_paths416.gif Figure 4 shows the holding stacks used by Heathrow. These are currently situated at Bovingdon, Lambourne, Ockham and Biggin. The holding stacks are used to hold planes while they wait in line for their landing slot. With a 3rd runway only to be used for short haul flights, and at half capacity (initially), the airport could make use of the runway to get planes on the ground quicker. This means that planes are flying for less time, saving fuel and reducing pollution. This will obviously help the environment. At the end of a long haul flight, the aircraft weighs about the same as a plane that is about to start a short haul flight. As landing distances are always shorter than take off distances, the 3rd runway could be used to help get planes on the ground. It should be pointed out that the diagram is for the current two runway layout that the airport already possesses. This does not take into account any holding stacks that could be made by the new runway, or holding stacks that have to be moved or made nonexistent for the future. The airport could end up with its own microclimate due to the darker surfaces absorbing heat and releasing it slowly throughout the day. This could make the temperatures at the airport 1-2 °C warmer. As the air is warmer, it will be able to hold more moisture. Warm air rises until it reaches the dew point, and then it will start to form clouds. The clouds will eventually release the moisture as rain. The airport could be wetter by between 5 and 10%. The pollution around the airport will increase the effect of the clouds, as raindrops form around pollution. At the airport, there would be lots of pollution, and so lots of rain will be forming here. There will be less humidity around the airport (as mentioned earlier, due to the lack of vegetation). Even though there will be more rain, the airport will be hotter, so the moisture will be evaporated quicker. And as the prevailing wind direction is from the west, the clouds and rain could be moved over the main city of London. In microclimates, sometimes the wind is altered. At Heathrow, it depends on where you are, as to how the wind has been altered. The prevailing wind direction is from the west (heading east). A lot of the buildings at the airport are North-South facing (even more so when Terminal East is built), and so you will be protected from the wind more when you are between these buildings. There are going to be numerous social impacts of the airport being expanded. The residents of the area that Heathrow most directly affects (West London) are going to have noticeable impacts on their day to day life if/when the third runway are built. Firstly, the airport will be busier, meaning that the noise from the airport will start earlier, and may also be louder. The airport has a policy that no planes should land before 5 am, unless it is an emergency, however, British Airways have a flight from Honk Kong that lands at 4:30 am every morning.  [9]  This disrupts residents, and as a result, many suffer from lack of sleep. The sound from the planes taking off is heard all day long. Even in the areas that are not classed as noise affected, the plane noise is very loud, and pretty much constant. Residents complain that after one plane has gone out of ear shot, another plane enters, and the cycle starts all over again. Some residents health is going to be affected by the airport expansion, mainly because air pollution will increase. Asthma in young children is severely affected by air pollution. Apparently, Heathrow already breaks the EU regulations on nitrous oxide. Even more flights would mean that the levels of this gas would be greater than ever before. A lot of efforts to make airport noise quieter normally mean that more nitrous oxide is produced. Sipson, a village near the airport would have to be cleared for this 3rd runway. The village would lose about 700 homes, a church and eight grade II listed buildings and graveyard would have to be bulldozed to make way for the new transport links. The noise levels from the airport would be greater as there would be more flights. BAA has said that the noise levels would not exceed 2002 noise levels. However, in 2002, Concorde was still operational. The noise from just one Concorde flight every 4 hours is the equivalent of 120 flights, one every two minutes, spread of the same time period. Also, with the noise pollution, the diagram on page 3, showing the 57 decibel mark is a true diagram. However, noise annoyance does start at around 50 decibels. There are only 258,000 people living within the 57 decibel mark region, but there are over 2 million people living in the 50 decibel area.  [10]   Lastly, there are going to be economical impacts to do with the expansion. The government have outlined some figures on what the runway will bring to the economy, and what it will cost the economy. The figures are shown below: Generated user benefit + £9 Billion Producer benefit + £5 Billion Government revenue + £3 Billion Climate costs - £4.8 Billion Building costs - £6.8-7.6 Billion Tourism An undecided positive amount Other costs/benifits - £0.3 Billion Total net economic benefit + £5.1-5.9 Billion The terms in the above table are defined as: The Generated user benefits are the economic benefits to future passengers who will be taking a flight in the future, when flying is cheaper. The flying will be cheaper, as the more capacity an airport has, the cheaper the flights. The Producer Benefit and Government Revenue figures are benefits due to the extra revenue that the airports operators gain and the greater tax revenue the government gets, due to greater passenger numbers. Climate costs are an estimation of the cost of the damage caused by the additional emissions from the extra aircraft using Heathrow. Building costs are the estimated building costs of building the 3rd runway, and the extra infrastructure that it needs. Other costs and benefits are estimations of the damage caused by the extra noise pollution, and other costs that may not be documented. Tourism costs are a figure that is harder to define, mainly because the extra runway could be used in two ways. Tourists could come to the UK and boost the economy over he re, or people from Britain could be going abroad on holiday, meaning they boost the economy of other countries.  [11]   Figures of about  £30 Billion over 60 years have been forecasted, however, the initial figure has been released of around  £5.5 Billion over 60 years. BAA (the airport owner) has said that the runway could be worth as much as  £7 Billion a year. This is due to the current economic climate and the growth of air travel at the moment. When we come out of the recession, this figure will no doubt be massively increased. The extra money that would be created due to the runway would not be directly associated with the airport. The runway would create extra jobs, and mean that London becomes an even bigger international business location. The 6th Terminal has not been mentioned in these prices, but more jobs would be created in the process of this terminal being built, and being made operational. The airport would have to employ more staff to keep the Terminal functioning properly. The runway would manage to reduce delays and increase the frequency of flights. This means that people could be more productive (especially business people) as they would not be travelling for as long to foreign destinations. The average cost of a minute delay in a plane is  £23.40 (In 2005 prices). Taking into account the average plane delay time at Heathrow in 2005 and the cost of a delay, the total cost of delays to all the airlines operating at Heathrow was estimated to be more than  £185 million. The 3rd runway should help to reduce delays, meaning that money is not going to be spent on delayed planes. It should be mentioned here, that not all flights are delayed due to airport capacity. Sometimes passengers do not turn up for their flights, and their luggage needs to be unloaded, adding to the departure time, and effectively delaying planes. The weather can also mean that planes are delayed. Sometimes, airports are closed due to the weather. However, Heathrow airport is rar ely closed due to the weather. Destinations within the UK would be more easily accessible as well. The new runway and Terminal may allow extra destinations to be reached by the airport, reducing the need for transfers at airports outside of the UK. The delays in the runway being built are losing the UK economy an estimated  £900 million to  £1.1 billion each year.  [12]  This is a serious amount of money, and in the current economic climate (3rd quarter of 2009), could be money that would really help to boost the economy within the UK. This money would mostly be spent on jobs and tax meaning that many unemployed people in London and the surrounding area would find direct employment with the airport, and people further afield would be able to find jobs to do with the airport, but not necessarily at the airport. There are other alternatives to expanding the airport. These would eradicate the problems associated with the current site of the airport, and they would also enable the UK to increase its airport capacity. The new sites that have been considered include an airport in the Thames Estuary, Maplin sands, near Southend-on-sea in Essex and expanding Stansted. The planning and evaluation stage of Maplin sands didnt get going as there was a lack of public money for this project. Expanding Stansted airport has been another option that has been deeply explored. If Stansted had two runways, then it would have a higher passenger capacity per year than Heathrow does. Also, it would be able to have flights going during more hours of the day than Heathrow does, due to the operating restrictions surrounding each individual airport. There are plans for Stansted to have up to 4 runways, considerably increasing its passenger capacity, and making it the busiest airport in the world. The airport in the Thames Estuary would have virtually all its flights leaving over the North Sea, meaning that noise pollution would not affect anybody and the airports actions would have minimal impact on people if the airport was built in the estuary. Since the 1960s, 13 major cities have moved their main airports from inside the cities to the outskirts of the cities. These include Paris, Milan and New York. The most recent and noticeable airport move would be Hong Kong International airport. The government spent 6 years and $20 Billion on construction of an artificial island for the airport, building the new airport, and linking the airport to the city with a high speed bullet train. The main reasons for not moving Heathrow would be the money issues. The expansion has already had  £65 million spent on it, and the spending has to come to a stop. This is because the Labour party are the only party that are pushing forward for the expansion and there is not much point spending any more money if the airport will not be allowed to expand under a new government. If the government decide to move the airport, building the 6th terminal and 3rd runway would have been a waste of time and money. In conclusion, therefore, the Heathrow expansion does have numerous problems surrounding it. Some problems that the current airport has are solved, but these solutions mean that more problems will be caused. Some of the solutions for the airport as a whole are very promising, such as building a new airport, or expanding Stansted. However, these will inevitably bring new problems. In my opinion, the airport should not be closed down, nor should it be expanded. They should simply finish building the current Terminal East, and leave the airport as it is. Stansted should then be expanded and some of Heathrows daily flights moved there. Heathrow airport would then be able to carry on as it was, without having any extra problems created. As BAA own Stansted anyway, they would still be getting a greater income, but without having to expand Heathrow. There are lots of questions surrounding the expansion of Heathrow airport, and in my opinion, I do not think that the expansion should go ahead . The problems that it would solve would not counteract the problems that would be created.

Essay on The Holy Bible - Book of Job as an Attempt to Justify the Acti

The Book of Job: An Attempt to Justify the Actions of a Omnipotent, Childlike God  Ã‚   The Book of Job from the Old Testament is a story in which an attempt is made by the Hebrew author to justify the unjustifiable actions of a seemingly malevolent god. The questioning by Job as to why the "good" must suffer is induced by a childish challenge, put forth by Satan and accepted by God, to test the loyalty of Job toward God. The uncharacteristic actions of a supposedly omni benevolent God must be justified in the eyes of his followers, and in the process of doing so, God is made to look like nothing more than an omnipotent child. The Book of Job can be separated into four natural divisions. For the sake of simplicity one must analyze each section separately. The first section is comprised of chapters one and two and contains the challenge made to God by Satan. The second section of the book, chapters three through thirty-seven, contains Job's questioning of God's conduct and the attempt to account for these actions by the three men known as the "Comforters"; Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. Chapters thirty-eight through forty-two are the third section. These chapters are where one finds a dialogue between God and Job in which God explains the rationale behind his actions. The forth and final section of The Book of Job is found at the end of chapter forty-two and is the attempt at justification of God's actions. The work can be analyzed more effectively when one looks at each of these sections individually. In section one God is issued a challenge by Satan. God tells Satan, "Hast thou considered my servant Job, that there is none like him in the earth, a perfect and upright man..." God is "rubbing it in" to Satan and telling hi... ...did not resist Satan's temptation. By not knowing Job would curse him, God disproved omniscience. The cruelty on the part of God, justified or not, is confirmation against omni benevolence. God's actions are not only out of the presupposed nature associated with and taught, but they also show God to be childlike in his actions. God plays a game with the life of Job and later thinks he can make everything better by giving Job twice as much as he had before. These are not the actions or attitude of a perfect entity. The Book of Job is a failed attempt at the justification of the unjustifiable acts of the Christian God. The questions asked by Job as to why the "good" must suffer are eternal. Although written in the Fifth Century BC, the questions are still being posed today. Although a failed attempt, the book is still a relevant and entertaining piece of literature.

death penalty :: essays research papers

Death Penalty: Revised During this class period today, seven adult men will be falsely accused of committing a serious crime, carrying a penalty of capital punishment. This means approximately 51,000 adult men are falsely accused of committing serious crimes each year. This figure is roughly the number of people who attended Super Bowl-Thirty-Three. Currently, there are 3,500 people on death row in thirty-eight states that support and carry out the death penalty while only twelve states have outlawed it. At the same time, more than half the countries in the world have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. Capital punishment is very relevant to each member of society. It is not just a male only issue. Every single one of us in this room has a father, brother, or significant others who could be affected. Capital punishment in America is morally unjust and should be eliminated because it is cruel and unusual; it kills innocent people; and it is used in a discriminatory manner. Sometimes criminals suffer more during their executions than is anticipated or planned. People sentenced to death are certain to face one of the following methods of execution still practiced today: firing squad, electric chair, lethal injection, gas chamber or hanging. But, injecting with poisonous chemicals, smothering with toxic gases, and electrocuting with high voltage are the preferred methods because bloody human tissues are not strewn about, as with other methods, therefore those people assigned to scour the execution site are less likely to experience psychological trauma. Although tidy, these styles of killing rarely succeed on the first attempt; instead, prisoners regularly suffer intense pain for long periods of time before expiring. According to Seideman, the case of Scotty Sutton is one example of many bungled executions that take place every month. While administering a lethal injection, all the executioner’s attempts to find a vein have failed. Scotty started moaning and heaving in agony signaling a partial dose found his blood stream. Realizing the dose was not enough to end his life the executioner tried several failed attempts in the neck area hoping to find a main artery. Meanwhile, 300 pound, Scotty is still breathing after five minutes into this botched execution. The chemicals that were prepared and on hand have been seriously depleted. In a last ditch effort, the executioner signaled for help and directed a prison staff member to cut away a portion of the thick canvas jacket to expose an area of his chest to deliver a lethal dose directly into his heart; moments later Scotty expired (3).